Browsing by Author "Peryt, T"

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    Sulfate starved subbasins: implications for Permian seawater composition
    (Elsevier B. V., 2006-08-22) Cendón, DI; Pueyo, JJ; Ayora, C; Taberner, C; Peryt, T
    The Zechstein evaporites represent a vast 1,000,000 km2 evaporitic basin of the Late Permian that extended from the British Isles to Poland and beneath the North Sea. The Zechstein evaporites of northern Poland precipitated in a subbasin of the Zechstein Sea forming the Peribaltic Gulf. Fluid inclusions in halites of the Polish Zechstein oldest Halite (Na1) have been analyzed by Cryo-SEM-EDS together with the δ34S δ18O of accompanying sulfates and Br contents in halite. The A1d (anhydrite) and Na1(halite and anhydrite) were chosen as they have the potential to better represent the original source of brine, minimizing common recycling processes within evaporitic basins. Fluid inclusions have major-ion compositions similar to evaporated modern seawater. Sulfate isotopes generally coincide with previous values for Permian evaporites assigned as marine in origin. However variations in both δ34S and δ18O are considerable when compared to smaller marine-continental settings such as the South Pyrenean basin (Ayora et al., 1994, Cendón et al., 2003). We postulate that the further restriction from the main Zechstein basin could have caused brines to be extremely sensitive to SO4-concentration variations, the result being that the Peribaltic Gulf could have been periodically starved of sulfate. This was registered by several isotopic reservoir effects during anhydrite and halite precipitation in the A1d and Na-1 cycles. Brines trapped in primary halite fluid inclusions in our data set are similar to those expected from the evaporation of modern seawater, except for SO4 always being depleted when compared to modern values. The palaeogeographic setting of the basin could explain why brines were depleted with respect to SO4, without the need to invoke more complicated global processes, such as secular variations in seawater chemistry. While these findings do not deny possible variation in seawater chemistry over the Phanerozoic, they reinforce the need for accurate interpretation of evaporitic precipitates. © 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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    Zechstein saline brines in Poland, evidence of overturned anoxic ocean during the late Permian mass extinction event
    (Elsevier, 2011-11-24) García-Veigas, J; Cendón, DI; Pueyo, JJ; Peryt, T
    Bromine concentrations in halite, sulfate isotopes (delta S-34 and delta O-18), and major ion concentrations in primary fluid inclusions from three boreholes in the Late Permian Zechstein evaporites have revealed sharp variations in marine derived brines within the Polish sector of the European Southern Permian Basin. The base of the Older Halite (Na2), during the latest Permian, registers a change from sulfate-rich brines, similar in composition to modern evaporated seawater, to sulfate-depleted brines (calcium-rich). This change coincides with a drop in delta S-34 to values close to +9 parts per thousand, not observed in delta O-18 counterparts. Opposite isotope (delta S-34-delta O-18) trends through the Na2 unit cannot be explained by changes in restriction conditions. We propose that the change to sulfate-depleted (calcium-rich) brines during halite deposition of the PZ2 (Stassfurt) cycle is related to the overturn of anoxic sulfidic deep-waters from the Panthalassa stratified superocean coinciding in time with the Permian-Triassic mass extinction event. The reconstruction of chemical changes in brines reveals two major evaporite sequences of increasing concentration that do not match the classic lithostratigraphic cycles. The first evaporite sequence (PZES-1) contain the evaporite units of the PZ1 (Werra) cycle, the PZ2 (Stassfurt) cycle, the Main Anhydrite (A3), and the base of the Younger Halite (Na3) of the PZ3 (Leine) cycle. The second evaporite sequence (PZES-2) is represented by almost the entire Na3 unit and the PZ4 (Aller) cycle. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V.