ANSTO :: Browsing by Author "Olsen, SR"

Browsing by Author "Olsen, SR"

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100-position robotic sample changer for powder diffraction with low-background vacuum chamber
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2010-04) Olsen, SR; Pullen, SA; Avdeev, M
At the new Australian OPAL research reactor, experiments carried out at room temperature use a substantial fraction of beam time on the high-resolution powder diffractometer, Echidna. With an average data collection time of 2 h and a complicated safety interlock system to protect users, the need for a fully automated and remotely controlled system was quickly realized. This report presents a solution based on a commercial four-axis robot capable of loading samples from two 50-position sample trays, in any order, into an automatically evacuated chamber. This chamber significantly reduced background signal arising from air scattering, with the effect being especially pronounced at low and high 2 angles. In the case of textured or inhomogeneous samples, the system may be re-configured so that the robot rotates the sample in the beam or translates it vertically through the beam. © 2010, Wiley-Blackwell.
Cultural heritage project at Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO)
(Springer Nature, 2022-01-25) Salvemini, F; White, R; Levchenko, VA; Smith, AM; Pastuovic, Z; Stopic, A; Luzin, V; Tobin, MJ; Puskar, L; Howard, DL; Davis, J; Avdeev, M; Gatenby, S; Kim, MJ; Grazzi, F; Sheedy, K; Olsen, SR; Raymond, CA; Lord, C; Richards, C; Bevitt, JJ; Popelka-Filcoff, RS; Lenehan, CE; Ives, S; Dredge, P; Yip, A; Brookhouse, MT; Austin, AG
The Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization (ANSTO) is the home of Australia’s most significant landmark and national infrastructure for research. ANSTO operates one of the world’s most modern nuclear research reactors, OPAL; a comprehensive suite of neutron beam instruments; the Australian Synchrotron; the Electron Microscope Facility; and the Center for Accelerator Science. Over the years, the suite of nuclear methods available across ANSTO’s campuses has been increasingly applied to study a wide range of heritage materials. Since 2015 the strategic research project on cultural heritage was initiated in order to promote access to ANSTO’s capabilities and expertise, unique in the region, by cultural institution and researchers. This chapter offers a compendium of ANSTO nuclear capabilities most frequently applied to cultural heritage research. A series of innovative, interdisciplinary, and multi-technique studies conducted in close collaboration with Australian museums, institutions, and universities is also showcased. It includes research on dating Aboriginal Australian rock art and fingerprinting the sources of ochre pigments; rediscovering the technological knowledge in the making of early coinage and ancient weapons; virtually unwrapping the content of votive mummies from ancient Egypt; and investigating and restoring the original layer of a painting that can be explored by the museum audience in a novel type of exhibition based on an immersive, interactive, and virtual environment. © 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
Design and implementation of a differential scanning calorimeter for the simultaneous measurement of small angle neutron scattering
(IOP Science, 2014-04-08) Pullen, SA; Booth, N; Olsen, SR; Day, B; Franceschini, F; Mannicke, F; Gilbert, EP
For almost 30 years, at synchrotron facilities, it has been possible to perform small-angle x-ray scattering experiments whilst simultaneously measuring differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). However, a range of challenges exist to enable the collection of simultaneous small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and DSC data associated not only with intrinsic flux limitations but also scattering geometry and thermal control. The development of a DSC (temperature range ca. −150 ◦C to 500 ◦C) suitable for SANS is detailed here and its successful use is illustrated with combined measurements on a binary blend of normal alkanes in which one component has been deuterium labelled. © 2014, IOP Publishing Ltd
First application of simultaneous sans and differential scanning calorimetry: microphase separated alkane blends
(International Conference on Neutron Scattering, 2017-07-12) Pullen, SA; Booth, N; Olsen, SR; Franceschini, F; Mannicke, D; Gilbert, EP
The combination of small-angle x-ray scattering experiments with simultaneous measurement of phase transitions using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has become common-place. However, no such facility existed, until recently to enable the simultaneous measurement of DSC and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). DSC data complements SANS by providing first and second order phase transition temperatures and, with appropriate calibration, the magnitude and sign of associated enthalpy changes due to these phase transitions. A range of challenges have been addressed to enable the collection of simultaneous SANS and DSC data associated not only with intrinsic flux limitations but also scattering geometry, thermal control and synchronisation of the DSC and SANS data. The development of a DSC suitable for SANS is detailed here which, to our knowledge, is the first and only one of its kind. The resulting instrument has a temperature range of -50?C to 500?C and a furnace geometry that allows access to the full q range of QUOKKA, at the OPAL reactor to be reached. The DSC-SANS was first used to investigate the behaviour of binary mixtures of normal alkanes which is presented here although several further successful experiments have been carried out since on range of soft and hard condensed matter samples.
HTS 5 tesla synchrotron and neutron beamline magnets
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2009-06) Pooke, DM; Chamritski, V; Fee, M; Gibson, S; King, BT; Tallon, JL; Meissner, M; Feyerherm, R; Olsen, SR; Kennedy, SJ; Robinson, RA
Two world-first High-Tc Superconducting (HTS) beamline magnets have been designed, manufactured and commissioned for synchrotron and neutron research facilities. One, for the Hahn-Meitner Institut, is for use with their high-resolution diffraction and resonant magnetic scattering instrument MAGS at the Berlin electron synchrotron facility BESSY. The key features of this 5 tesla split-pair magnet include field performance within a given confined geometry, and low weight. Mounting in a 6-circle goniometer and employing conduction-cooled HTS coils, it operates through 90 degrees of rotation with respect to the beamline axis and scattering plane. The neutron beamline magnet is also a 5 tesla split pair, designed for both neutron reflectometry and small-angle neutron scattering research at the new OPAL neutron facility of the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation. This much larger magnet offers wide neutron beam accessibility angles in both axial and transverse directions, large (50 mm) sample capability, and mounts on tilt stages operating in two axes. Both magnets use pulse-tube refrigeration for the HTS coils, which have been constructed from high performance BSCCO wire, and both are compatible with separate commercial cryofurnaces providing sample temperatures from 1.5 K (MAGS) or 4 K (OPAL) to over 600 K. © 2009, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
An in situ rapid heat-quench cell for small-angle neutron scattering
(Institute of Physics, 2008-06) Pullen, SA; Gilbert, EP; Olsen, SR; Lang, EA; Doolan, KR
A dual-temperature sample environment has been developed enabling the rapid heating and quenching of samples in situ for small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The rapid heat and quench cell (RHQC) allows samples to be rapidly heated up to 600 K and then quenched to 150 K, or vice versa, in a single shot or cycle mode, with the sample in position for data collection. Measured cooling rates of up to 11 K s-1 and heating rates up to 19 K s-1 have been recorded during the testing stages. First results using the RHQC on a hydrogenated/deuterated paraffin blend quenched from the melt illustrate the value of the device in accessing the early stage phase separation kinetics with SANS. © 2008, Institute of Physics
Investigating methods of minting ancient Greek silver plated copper coins: studies in neutron tomography, texture and phase analysis
(Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering (AINSE), 2020-05-11) Salvemini, F; Olsen, SR; Luzin, V; Sheedy, K
Neutron tomographic, texture and phase analyses undetaken on the Neutron Beam Instruments Dingo, Kowari and Echidna have been employed to investigate plated silver coins minted in Athens and in the Greek colonies of Kroton and Metapontum (Southern Italy) during the 6th and 5th centuries BC. The investigation aims to define the plating method by characterising the manufacturing conditions and morphological and structural features of the specimens. Thickness maps of the silver plating and porosity give an indication on the similarity of the production techniques. The texture analysis gives an indication on the mechanical processes and temperature under which these coins were struck. The status of these coins is uncertain: were they official issues by state-authorities during periods of silver shortages or the product of ancient or modern counterfeiters? © The authors.
A large volume cell for in situ neutron diffraction studies of hydrothermal crystallizations
(American Institute of Physics, 2010-10-19) Xia, F; Qian, GJ; Brugger, J; Studer, AJ; Olsen, SR; Pring, A
A hydrothermal cell with 320 ml internal volume has been designed and constructed for in situ neutron diffraction studies of hydrothermal crystallizations. The cell design adopts a dumbbell configuration assembled with standard commercial stainless steel components and a zero-scattering Ti–Zr alloy sample compartment. The fluid movement and heat transfer are simply driven by natural convection due to the natural temperature gradient along the fluid path, so that the temperature at the sample compartment can be stably sustained by heating the fluid in the bottom fluid reservoir. The cell can operate at temperatures up to 300 °C and pressures up to 90 bars and is suitable for studying reactions requiring a large volume of hydrothermal fluid to damp out the negative effect from the change of fluid composition during the course of the reactions. The capability of the cell was demonstrated by a hydrothermal phase transformation investigation from leucite (KAlSi2O6) to analcime (NaAlSi2O6⋅H2O) at 210 °C on the high intensity powder diffractometer Wombat in ANSTO. The kinetics of the transformation has been resolved by collecting diffraction patterns every 10 min followed by Rietveld quantitative phase analysis. The classical Avrami/Arrhenius analysis gives an activation energy of 82.3±1.1 kJ mol−1. Estimations of the reaction rate under natural environments by extrapolations agree well with petrological observations. © 2010, American Institute of Physics
Modular in-situ reaction chamber design for time resolved diffraction
(Oldenbourg Verlag, 2009-09) Styles, MJ; Riley, DP; Christoforidis, J; Olsen, SR
In an effort to mitigate the expense and uncertain performance of customised environment chambers, researchers at the University of Melbourne and the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO) have designed and are currently constructing a modular reaction chamber, capable of separating the necessities of diffraction methodologies from those of the desired sample environment. The In-Situ Reaction Chamber (ISRC) abstracts many of the details intrinsic to the diffractometer, allowing users to design inexpensive environmental inserts that may be readily customised to their individual needs. Overall, the modularised design aims to reduce the development costs of performing in-situ diffraction experiments, while minimising the experimental setup time and overall uncertainty of ancillary performance. © 2009, Oldenbourg Verlag
A Monte Carlo model of the Dingo thermal neutron imaging beamline
(Springer Nature, 2023-12-01) Jakubowski, K; Charcon, A; Tran, LT; Stopic, A; Garbe, U; Bevitt, JJ; Olsen, SR; Franklin, DR; Rosenfeld, AB; Guatelli, S; Safavi-Naeini, M
In this study, we present a validated Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation model of the Dingo thermal neutron imaging beamline at the Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering. The model, constructed using CAD drawings of the entire beam transport path and shielding structures, is designed to precisely predict the in-beam neutron field at the position at the sample irradiation stage. The model’s performance was assessed by comparing simulation results to various experimental measurements, including planar thermal neutron distribution obtained in-beam using gold foil activation and BC-coated microdosimeters and the out-of-beam neutron spectra measured with Bonner spheres. The simulation results demonstrated that the predicted neutron fluence at the field’s centre is within 8.1% and 2.1% of the gold foil and BC-coated microdosimeter measurements, respectively. The logarithms of the ratios of average simulated to experimental fluences in the thermal (E 0.414 eV), epithermal (0.414 eV < E 11.7 keV) and fast (E 11.7 keV) spectral regions were approximately − 0.03 to + 0.1, − 0.2 to + 0.15, and − 0.4 to + 0.2, respectively. Furthermore, the predicted thermal, epithermal and fast neutron components in-beam at the sample stage position constituted approximately 18%, 64% and 18% of the total neutron fluence. © The Authors - Open Access Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International.
A multi-technique investigation of the incuse coinage of Magna Graecia
(Elsevier, 2018-08-01) Salvemini, F; Sheedy, K; Olsen, SR; Avdeev, M; Davis, J; Luzin, V
This paper focuses on the application of different neutron techniques to characterize the manufacturing process of ‘incuse’ coins minted by Greek colonies in Southern Italy during the 6th and 5th centuries BC. In order to provide an insight into incuse coinage minting, numismatic and historical studies were combined with metallurgical research based on non-destructive neutron diffraction, neutron texture analysis and neutron tomography. The most significant scientific data collected during our campaign of investigation will be showcased. Crown Copyright © 2018 Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Neutron diffraction texture analysis for numismatics
(The Royal Numismatic Society, 2020) Luzin, V; Sheedy, K; Olsen, SR; Salvemini, F; Avdeev, M
Neutron diffraction analysis has emerged as a powerful, non-invasive, non-destructive method in the field of numismatics. In this chapter we report on some preliminary results from the Incuse Coinage Project which explores methods employed by city-states in South Italy to produce a very distinctive regional form of silver currency, incuse coinage, during the sixth and fifth centuries BC. In order to understand what makes these minting procedures unique it is necessary to obtain data from incuse as well as non-incuse coinages, and we report on studies of twelve coins from mints in different cities and from different eras. Neutron texture and phase analyses can provide an insight into the processing of the metal during the production of coinage.
Neutron optics upgrades to the residual stress diffractometer, KOWARI
(Materials Research Forum LLC, 2016-07-03) Reid, M; Olsen, SR; Luzin, V; New, M; Booth, N; Clowes, D; Nguyen, T; Franceschini, F; Ogrin, A; Pangelis, S; Paradowska, AM; Larkin, N; Pan, Z; Hoye, N; Suzuki, H
In the last 5 years a number of significant enhancements have been implemented on the neutron beam strain scanner Kowari at the OPAL reactor in Sydney Australia. These changes have resulted in reduced beam time losses when conducting experiments due to sample and stage alignment, and optics and sample changes. There have been 3 projects, starting in 2011 with a new manual slit system design and collision recovery system, in 2013 with a series of radial collimators and finally with the delivery. © The Authors
A neutron tomographic analysis of plated silver coins from ancient Greece official or illegal?
(Materials Research Forum LLC, 2020-05-01) Olsen, SR; Silvemini, F; Luzin, V; Garbe, U; Avdeev, M; Davis, J; Sheedy, K
This study focuses on a neutron tomographic analysis conducted on a set of plated silver coins minted in the city-state of Athens and in the Greek colonies of Kroton and Metapontum (South Italy or Magna Graecia) during the 6th and 5th centuries BC. The investigation aims to define the plating method by characterising the morphological and structural features of the specimens, i.e. the volume fraction of metallic and non-metallic components, and thickness maps of the plating and porosity. The status of these coins is uncertain: were they official issues authorized by state-authorities during periods of trouble (and silver shortages in the public treasury) or the product of ancient or modern counterfeiters? © 2020 by the author(s). Creative Commons 3.0
Neutron tomographic analysis: Material characterization of silver and electrum coins from the 6th and 5th centuries BCE
(Elsevier B.V., 2016-08-01) Salvemini, F; Olsen, SR; Luzin, V; Garbe, U; Davis, J; Knowles, T; Sheedy, K
Neutron tomography was applied to study a set of Greek silver coins and a single Lydian electrum coin minted in the 6 and 5th centuries BCE. The investigation was conducted at the new neutron imaging station DINGO at ANSTO in order to demonstrate capabilities and to explore limits of this non-invasive method in characterizing numismatic materials. From the reconstructed volume of each sample, the morphology, porosity, inclusions, and presence of composite structures can be revealed and evaluated. This information can be used to elucidate ancient minting technology and to prove authenticity. Moreover, the state of conservation, corrosion processes and attempts to repair the coins can be determined. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.
Novel cryogenic engineering solutions for the new Australian Research Reactor OPAL
(American Institute of Physics, 2008-03-16) Olsen, SR; Kennedy, SJ; Kim, S; Schulz, JC; Thiering, R; Gilbert, EP; Lu, W; James, M; Robinson, RA
In August 2006 the new 20MW low enriched uranium research reactor OPAL went critical. The reactor has 3 main functions, radio pharmaceutical production, silicon irradiation and as a neutron source. Commissioning on 7 neutron scattering instruments began in December 2006. Three of these instruments (Small Angle Neutron Scattering, Reflectometer and Time-of-flight Spectrometer) utilize cold neutrons. The OPAL Cold Neutron Source, located inside the reactor, is a 20L liquid deuterium moderated source operating at 20K, 330kPa with a nominal refrigeration capacity of 5 kW and a peak flux at 4.2meV (equivalent to a wavelength of 0.4nm). The Thermosiphon and Moderator Chamber are cooled by helium gas delivered at 19.8K using the Brayton cycle. The helium is compressed by two 250kW compressors (one with a variable frequency drive to lower power consumption). A 5 Tesla BSCCO (2223) horizontal field HTS magnet will be delivered in the 2nd half of 2007 for use on all the cold neutron instruments. The magnet is cooled by a pulse tube cryocooler operating at 20K. The magnet design allows for the neutron beam to pass both axially and transverse to the field. Samples will be mounted in a 4K to 800K Gifford-McMahon (GM) cryofurnace, with the ability to apply a variable electric field in-situ. The magnet is mounted onto a tilt stage. The sample can thus be studied under a wide variety of conditions. A cryogen free 7.4 Tesla Nb-Ti vertical field LTS magnet, commissioned in 2005 will be used on neutron diffraction experiments. It is cooled by a standard GM cryocooler operating at 4.2K. The sample is mounted in a 2nd GM cryocooler (4K–300K) and a variable electric field can be applied. © 2008, American Institute of Physics
Novel non destructive sample analysis techniques using neutron scattering
(Engineers Australia, 2014-01-01) Olsen, SR; Gilbert, EP; Booth, N; Pullen, SA; Imperia, P; Peterson, VK; Garbe, U; Luzin, V; Paradowska, AM; Studer, AJ; Liss, KD
In late 2006 the new 20MW Open Pool Australian Light Water Reactor (OPAL) went critical for the first time. Since 2007 thousands of scientists and engineers have used the neutron beam instruments to perform a wide range of non-destructive studies of samples covering physics, chemistry, biology, engineering and materials science. Neutrons provide a wealth of information about the state of materials including structure, residual stress, magnetic properties and dynamic properties. As neutrons scatter from nuclei and not electrons, they are highly penetrating, capable of travelling tens of millimeters into most metals. Neutrons behave, for to some extent, like tiny bar magnets and therefore can be used to investigate the magnetic properties of materials such as superconductors and computor memories. Recent engineering studies - often undertaken in situ at industrially relevant conditions - include railway sleepers, turbine blades, polymer processing, lithium battery testing, and titanium alloys. © 2021 Informit
Recent upgrades to ANSTO’s thermal neutron spectrometer, TAIPAN
(Australian Institute of Physics, 2018-01-30) Rule, KC; Darmann, F; Oste, T; Olsen, SR; Bartlett, D; Franceschini, F; Berry, A; McGregor, A; Ogrin, A; Ersez, T; Kafes, A; Pangelis, S; Danilkin, SA; Stampfl, APJ
Recent upgrades to ANSTO’s thermal triple axis spectrometer ‘TAIPAN’
(Australian Institute of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2016-11-29) Rule, KC; Olsen, SR; Danilkin, SA; Darmann, F; Oste, T; Bartlett, D; Kafes, T; Mcgregor, A; Stampfl, APJ; Ersez, T; Orgrin, A
The thermal triple axis spectrometer, TAIPAN, has been operational since 2010 and employs a graphite monochromator to access neutron energy transfers up to 80meV. A recent string of projects have greatly increased the capabilities of this instrument. Initially the wall shared with the cold TAS, SIKA, was modified to allow access to larger regions of Q-Energy space for TAIPAN. A more recent upgrade project has involved developing a new sapphire filter translation stage mechanism and a new Cu-200 double-focussing monochromators. The copper monochromator has been installed back to back with the previous highly ordered PG-monochromator and extends the accessible energy range of the neutrons from 70meV to 180meV.
Safety interlock and vent system to alleviate potentially dangerous ice blockage of top-loading cryostat sample sticks
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2013-08-01) Pangelis, S; Olsen, SR; Scherschligt, J; Leao, JB; Pullen, SA; Dender, D; Hester, JR; Imperia, P
A combined solution is presented for minimizing the safety hazards associated with closed cycle cryostats described by Swainson & Cranswick [J. Appl. Cryst. (2010), 43, 206-210]. The initial solution is to install a vent tube with one open end deep inside the sample space and a pressure relief valve at the top. This solution works for either a cryogen or a cryogen-free (closed cycle) system. The second approach, which can be combined with the first and is applicable to cryogen-free cryostats, involves electrically interlocking the closed cycle refrigerator compressor to the sample space, so that the system cannot be cooled in the presence of a leak path to air. © 2013, Wiley-Blackwell.

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