Browsing by Author "Mao, G"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Liquid-metal-assisted deposition and patterning of molybdenum dioxide at low temperature
    (American Chemical Society, 2021-11-10) Wang, Y; Mayyas, M; Yang, J; Ghasemian, MB; Tang, J; Mousavi, M; Han, J; Ahmed, M; Baharfar, M; Mao, G; Yao, Y; Esrafilzadeh, D; Cortie, DL; Kalantar-Zadeh, K
    Molybdenum dioxide (MoO2), considering its nearmetallic conductivity and surface plasmonic properties, is a great material for electronics, energy storage devices and biosensing. Yet to this day, room-temperature synthesis of large area MoO2, which allows deposition on arbitrary substrates, has remained a challenge. Due to their reactive interfaces and specific solubility conditions, gallium-based liquid metal alloys offer unique opportunities for synthesizing materials that can meet these challenges. Herein, a substrate-independent liquid metal-based method for the room temperature deposition and patterning of MoO2 is presented. By introducing a molybdate precursor to the surrounding of a eutectic gallium-indium alloy droplet, a uniform layer of hydrated molybdenum oxide (H2MoO3) is formed at the interface. This layer is then exfoliated and transferred onto a desired substrate. Utilizing the transferred H2MoO3 layer, a laser-writing technique is developed which selectively transforms this H2MoO3 into crystalline MoO2 and produces electrically conductive MoO2 patterns at room temperature. The electrical conductivity and plasmonic properties of the MoO2 are analyzed and demonstrated. The presented metal oxide room-temperature deposition and patterning method can find many applications in optoelectronics, sensing, and energy industries. © 2021 American Chemical Society
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Size‐dependent penetration of nanoparticles in tumor spheroids: a multidimensional and quantitative study of transcellular and paracellular pathways
    (Wiley, 2023-10-11) Chen, W; Wang, WQ; Xie, Z; Centurion, F; Sun, B; Paterson, DJ; Tsao, SCH; Chu, D; Shen, Y; Mao, G; Gu, Z
    Tumor penetration of nanoparticles is crucial in nanomedicine, but the mechanisms of tumor penetration are poorly understood. This work presents a multidimensional, quantitative approach to investigate the tissue penetration behavior of nanoparticles, with focuses on the particle size effect on penetration pathways, in an MDA‐MB‐231 tumor spheroid model using a combination of spectrometry, microscopy, and synchrotron beamline techniques. Quasi‐spherical gold nanoparticles of different sizes are synthesized and incubated with 2D and 3D MDA‐MB‐231 cells and spheroids with or without an energy‐dependent cell uptake inhibitor. The distribution and penetration pathways of nanoparticles in spheroids are visualized and quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, two‐photon microscopy, and synchrotron X‐ray fluorescence microscopy. The results reveal that 15 nm nanoparticles penetrate spheroids mainly through an energy‐independent transcellular pathway, while 60 nm nanoparticles penetrate primarily through an energy‐dependent transcellular pathway. Meanwhile, 22 nm nanoparticles penetrate through both transcellular and paracellular pathways and they demonstrate the greatest penetration ability in comparison to other two sizes. The multidimensional analytical methodology developed through this work offers a generalizable approach to quantitatively study the tissue penetration of nanoparticles, and the results provide important insights into the designs of nanoparticles with high accumulation at a target site. ©2023 The Authors. Small published by Wiley-VCH GmbH. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.