Browsing by Author "Kirillova, IV"

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    Late Pleistocene chronology and environment of woolly rhinoceros (Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach, 1799)) in Beringia
    (Elsevier, 2021-07-01) Puzachenko, AY; Levchenko, VA; Bertuch, F; Zazovskaya, EP; Kirillova, IV
    Uncertain chronology and data scarcity have impeded realistic reconstructions of megafauna extinctions in the Late Pleistocene in several key regions of the Northern Hemisphere such as Beringia. This region was a refuge for several plants, animals during the extremely cold period of the Late Pleistocene in high Arctic latitudes. The woolly rhinoceros was one of the most widespread members of the megafauna in the Asiatic part of the region (West Beringia) between ∼60 and 14 cal ka BP. This study is based on statistical analyses of 20 newly obtained and 110 previously published radiocarbon dates. We found three large “waves” in the woolly rhinoceros range changes separated between themselves by the cold climatic Heinrich events (H2 and H4). The chronology of the woolly rhinoceros was overlaid on data of environmental changes obtained basing on 504 generalized early published pollen spectra throughout the species range and, separately, outside the range – in the east of the West Beringia realm and in East Beringia. In general, milder environmental conditions of MIS3 (57–29 ka BP) were more favourable for the woolly rhinoceros than the harsh conditions of the Last Glacial Maximum (∼29–15 cal ka BP) in MIS2. We have concluded that the feed base was unlikely the main limiting factor in the distribution of woolly rhinoceros in Western Beringia, and other ecological factors (temperature/precipitation) determined the species range and its oscillation over the MIS3–MIS2 stages. Based on summarizing available data and this research, we have proposed that there were sets of different reasons that prevented the woolly rhinoceros migration to the east of Beringia in different periods of the Late Pleistocene. Abrupt woolly rhinoceros extinction in Beringia between 15 and 14 cal ka BP coincided with the Bölling warming and the Older Dryas cooling. The ecological situation just before the extinction, associated with climate warming, moisture increasing and shrub tundra expansion in West Beringia, was qualitatively different from previous cases of the species range degradations in the second half of the Late Pleistocene. This multi-proxy study of woolly rhinoceros chronology provide a new basis for further understanding of its population history, demography, and biology in Beringia before its extinction. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd.
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    Morphological and genetic identification and isotopic study of the hair of a cave lion (Panthera spelaea Goldfuss, 1810) from the Malyi Anyui River (Chukotka, Russia)
    (Elsevier, 2016-06-15) Chernova, OF; Kirillova, IV; Shapiro, B; Shidlovskiy, FK; Soares, AER; Levchenko, VA; Bertuch, F
    We present the first detailed analyses of the preserved hair of a cave lion (Panthera spelaea Goldfuss, 1810). The hair was found in association with a skeleton that was recovered recently from perennially frozen Pleistocene sediments in the lower reaches of the Malyi Anyui River (Chukotka, Russia). We extract mitochondrial DNA from the hair to confirm its taxonomic identity, and perform detailed morphological analyses of the color and structure of the hair using light optical microscopy and SEM. In addition, we compare the cave lion hair to hair taken from the back and mane of an African lion. We find that cave lion hair is similar but not identical to that of the present-day lion. In addition to slightly different coloration, cave lions had a very thick and dense undercoat comprising closed and compressed wavy downy hair with a medulla. In addition, while the microstructures of the medulla and cortex of cave lion hair are similar in extinct and living lions, the cuticular scales of cave lion hair are higher than those in living lions, suggesting that cave lion hair is stronger and more robust than that of living lions. We hypothesize that the differences between cave lion hair and present-day lion hair may be due to adaptations of cave lions to the harsh climatic and environmental conditions of the Pleistocene Ice Ages. © 2016, Elsevier Ltd.
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    On the discovery of a cave lion from the Malyi Anyui River (Chukotka, Russia)
    (Elsevier, 2015-06) Kirillova, IV; Tiunovb, AV; Levchenko, VA; Chernova, OF; Yudin, VG; Bertuch, F; Shidlovskiy, FK
    An incomplete postcranial skeleton (67 elements) of a cave lion, a lower jaw and a bundle of fine yellowish hair were found by a local resident in 2008 and 2009 washed out from the perennially frozen Pleistocene sediments in the lower reaches of the Malyi Anyui River (western Chukotka). This is the first skeleton of a cave lion (Panthera spelaea Goldfuss) to be found in Russia. The bone sizes are similar to finds of cave lion bones known from N–E Russia, but larger than East Beringian and smaller than West European ones. The remains have been studied using a variety of methods, including morphology, morphometry, SEM-examination, AMS-dating, and isotopic study, which included examination of over 100 samples of various members of the mammoth faunal assemblage (mammoth, wooly rhinoceros, bison, horse, bear, etc.). The results showed that the northeastern Asian cave lion hunted mainly bison and horses, but not reindeer, unlike its Western Europe counterpart. Bone and claw sheath dating showed an unexpectedly old geochronological age of over 61,000 years (OZQ290, OZQ291), while the hair was dated 28,690 ± 130 (OZQ292), which makes its affinity with the same individual as the skeleton questionable. Further studies to investigate possible unremoved contamination and obtain more reliable date are planned. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Variability and morphological peatures of Woolly Rhinoceros skulls (Coelodonta antiquitatis (Blumenbach 1799)) from Northeastern Asia in the late Pleistocene
    (Pleiades Publishing, 2021-12) Puzachenko, AY; Kirillova, IV; Shidlovsky, FK; Levchenko, VA
    Abstract: We studied 63 woolly rhinoceros skulls from the northeast of Russia (northwestern Chukotka, northeastern Yakutia) housed in the collection of the “Ice Age” Museum-Theatre, Moscow. Both sexual dimorphism and size/shape variability of woolly rhinoceros skulls are explored using univariate and multivariate statistics for the first time. Peculiarities of the variability, which are probably related to gender, are expressed in (1) different sets of skull variables the variability of which does not depend on “general size” variations and (2) differences in skull allometry in males and females. The structure of morphological variability is discussed. Statistically significant morphological heterogeneity is detected within the male and female samples. This is shown to be the consequence of the presence of two size groups that are not related to individual age. Based on published radiocarbon dates, it is hypothesized that there was a decrease in skull size in the woolly rhinoceros is at the end of megainterstadial (MIS) 3 to the early Last Glacial Maximum MIS 2 in northeastern Asia. To test this hypothesis, new radiocarbon dates of the studied specimens are needed. © 2024 Springer Nature.