Browsing by Author "Chen, Y"

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    COARSEMAP: synthesis of observations and models for coarse-mode aerosols
    (American Geophysical Union, 2017-12-11) Wiedinmyer, C; Lihavainen, H; Mahowald, NM; Alastuey, A; Albani, S; Artaxo, P; Bergametti, G; Batterman, S; Brahney, J; Duce, RA; Feng, Y; Buck, C; Ginoux, PA; Chen, Y; Guieu, C; Cohen, DD; Hand, JL; Harrison, RM; Herut, B; Ito, A; Losno, R; Gomez, D; Kanakidou, M; Landing, WM; Laurent, B; Mihalopoulos, N; Mackey, K; Maenhaut, W; Heuglin, C; Milando, C; Miller, RL; Myriokefaitakis, S; Neff, JC; Pandolfi, M; Paytan, A; Pérez, CGP; Prank, M; Prospero, JM; Tamburo, E; Varrica, D; Wong, MY; Zhang, Y
    Coarse mode aerosols influence Earth’s climate and biogeochemistry by interacting with long-wave radiation, promoting ice nucleation, and contributing important elements to biogeochemical cycles during deposition. Yet coarse mode aerosols have received less emphasis in the scientific literature. Here we present first efforts to globally synthesize available mass concentration, composition and optical depth data and modeling for the coarse mode aerosols (<10 µm) in a new project called “COARSEMAP” (http://www.geo.cornell.edu/eas/PeoplePlaces/Faculty/mahowald/COARSEMAP/). We seek more collaborators who have observational data, especially including elemental or composition data, and/or who are interested in detailed modeling of the coarse mode. The goal will be publications synthesizing data with models, as well as providing synthesized results to the wider community.
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    Expanding the applications of the ilmenite mineral to the preparation of nanostructures: TiO2 nanorods and their photocatalytic properties in the degradation of oxalic acid
    (Wiley-Blackwell, 2013-01-14) Tao, T; Chen, Y; Zhou, D; Zhang, HZ; Liu, S; Amal, R; Sharma, N; Glushenkov, AM
    The mineral ilmenite is one of the most abundant ores in the Earth's crust and it is the main source for the industrial production of bulk titanium oxide. At the same time, methods to convert ilmenite into nanostructures of TiO2 (which are required for new advanced applications, such as solar cells, batteries, and photocatalysts) have not been explored to any significant extent. Herein, we describe a simple and effective method for the preparation of rutile TiO2 nanorods from ball-milled ilmenite. These nanorods have small dimensions (width: 520 nm, length: 50100 nm, thickness: 25 nm) and possess large specific surface areas (up to 97 m2?g-1). Dissolution/hydrolysis/precipitation is proposed as a growth mechanism. The nanorods were found to have attractive photocatalytic properties in the degradation of oxalic acid. Their photocatalytic activity is close to that of the benchmark Degussa P25 material and better than that of a commercial high-surface-area rutile powder. © 2013, Wiley-Blackwell
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    Fe Site order and magnetic properties of Fe1/4NbS2
    (American Chemical Society (ACS), 2023-11-06) Lawrence, EA; Huai, XD; Kim, DW; Avdeev, M; Chen, Y; Skorupskii, G; Miura, A; Ferrenti, A; Waibel, M; Kawaguchi, S; Ng, N; Kaman, B; Cai, Z; Schoop, L; Kushwaha, S; Liu, F; Tran, TT; Ji, H
    Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have long been attractive to researchers for their diverse properties and high degree of tunability. Most recently, interest in magnetically intercalated TMDs has resurged due to their potential applications in spintronic devices. While certain compositions featuring the absence of inversion symmetry such as Fe1/3NbS2 and Cr1/3NbS2 have garnered the most attention, the diverse compositional space afforded through the host matrix composition as well as intercalant identity and concentration is large and remains relatively underexplored. Here, we report the magnetic ground state of Fe1/4NbS2 that was determined from low-temperature neutron powder diffraction as an A-type antiferromagnet. Despite the presence of overall inversion symmetry, the pristine compound manifests spin polarization induced by the antiferromagnetic order at generic k points, based on density functional theory band-structure calculations. Furthermore, by combining synchrotron diffraction, pair distribution function, and magnetic susceptibility measurements, we find that the magnetic properties of Fe1/4NbS2 are sensitive to the Fe site order, which can be tuned via electrochemical lithiation and thermal history. © 2023 American Chemical Society.
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    Giant magnetic in-plane anisotropy and competing instabilities in Na3Co2SbO6
    (American Physical Society, 2022-12-02) Li, XT; Gu, YC; Chen, Y; Garlea, VO; Iida, K; Kamazawa, K; Li, YM; Deng, GC; Xiao, Q; Zheng, XQ; Ye, Z; Peng, YY; Zaliznyak, IA; Tranquada, JM; Li, Y
    We report magnetometry data obtained on twin-free single crystals of Na3Co2SbO6, which is considered a candidate material for realizing the Kitaev honeycomb model for quantum spin liquids. Contrary to a common belief that such materials can be modeled with the symmetries of an ideal honeycomb lattice, our data reveal a pronounced twofold symmetry and in-plane anisotropy of over 200%, despite the honeycomb layer’s tiny orthorhombic distortion of less than 0.2%. We further use magnetic neutron diffraction to elucidate a rich variety of field-induced phases observed in the magnetometry. These phases manifest themselves in the paramagnetic state as diffuse scattering signals associated with competing ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic instabilities, consistent with a theory that also predicts a quantum spin liquid phase nearby. Our results call for theoretical understanding of the observed in-plane anisotropy and render Na3Co2SbO6 a promising ground for finding exotic quantum phases by targeted external tuning. © Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article’s title, journal citation, and DOI.
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    Modeling the global emission, transport and deposition of trace elements associated with mineral dust.
    (Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union, 2015-10-12) Zhang, Y; Mahowald, N; Scanza, RA; Journet, E; Desboeufs, K; Albani, S; Kok, JF; Zhuang, G; Chen, Y; Cohen, DD; Paytan, A; Patey, MD; Achterberg, EP; Engelbrecht, JP; Fomba, KW
    Trace element deposition from desert dust has important impacts on ocean primary productivity, the quantification of which could be useful in determining the magnitude and sign of the biogeochemical feedback on radiative forcing. However, the impact of elemental deposition to remote ocean regions is not well understood and is not currently included in global climate models. In this study, emission inventories for eight elements primarily of soil origin, Mg, P, Ca, Mn, Fe, K, Al, and Si are determined based on a global mineral data set and a soil data set. The resulting elemental fractions are used to drive the desert dust model in the Community Earth System Model (CESM) in order to simulate the elemental concentrations of atmospheric dust. Spatial variability of mineral dust elemental fractions is evident on a global scale, particularly for Ca. Simulations of global variations in the Ca = Al ratio, which typically range from around 0.1 to 5.0 in soils, are consistent with observations, suggesting that this ratio is a good signature for dust source regions. The simulated variable fractions of chemical elements are sufficiently different; estimates of deposition should include elemental variations, especially for Ca, Al and Fe. The model results have been valuated with observations of elemental aerosol concentrations from desert regions and dust events in non-dust regions, providing sights into uncertainties in the modeling approach. The ratios between modeled and observed elemental fractions range from 0.7 to 1.6, except for Mg and Mn (3.4 and 3.5, respectively). Using the soil database improves the correspondence of the spatial heterogeneity in the modeling of several elements (Ca, Al and Fe) compared to observations. Total and soluble dust element fluxes to different ocean basins and ice sheet regions have been estimated, based on the model results. The annual inputs of soluble Mg, P, Ca, Mn, Fe and K associated with dust using the mineral data set are 0.30 Tg, 16.89 Gg, 1.32 Tg, 22.84 Gg, 0.068 Tg, and 0.15 Tg to global oceans and ice sheets. © Author(s) 2015
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    The origin of solvent deprotonation in LiI‐added aprotic electrolytes for Li‐O2 batteries
    (Wiley, 2023-03-27) Wang, AP; Wu, XH; Zou, Z; Qiao, Y; Wang, D; Xing, L; Chen, Y; Lin, Y; Avdeev, M; Shi, SQ
    LiI and LiBr have been employed as soluble redox mediators (RMs) in electrolytes to address the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction kinetics during charging in aprotic Li‐O2 batteries. Compared to LiBr, LiI exhibits a redox potential closer to the theoretical one of discharge products, indicating a higher energy efficiency. However, the reason for the occurrence of solvent deprotonation in LiI‐added electrolytes remains unclear. Here, by combining ab initio calculations and experimental validation, we find that it is the nucleophile that triggers the solvent deprotonation and LiOH formation via nucleophilic attack, rather than the increased solvent acidity or the elongated C−H bond as previously suggested. As a comparison, the formation of in LiBr‐added electrolytes is found to be thermodynamically unfavorable, explaining the absence of LiOH formation. These findings provide important insight into the solvent deprotonation and pave the way for the practical application of LiI RM in aprotic Li‐O2 batteries. © 1999-2024 John Wiley & Sons, Inc