Browsing by Author "Bourke, S"
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- ItemBeginning of the early Bronze Age in the north Jordan Valley: new C-14 determinations from Pella in Jordan(University of Arizona, 2009-06-01) Bourke, S; Zoppi, U; Meadows, J; Hua, Q; Gibbins, SThis article reports on 10 new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates from early phases of the Early Bronze Age at the long-lived settlement of Pella (modern Tabaqat Fahl) in the north Jordan Valley. The new AMS dates fall between 3400 and 2800 cal BC, and support a recent Suggestion that all Chalcolithic period occupation had ceased by 3800/3700 cal BC at the latest (Bourke et al. 2004b). Other recently published Early Bronze Age C-14 data strongly supports this revisionist scenario, Suggesting that the earliest phase of the Early Bronze Age (EBA I) occupied much of the 4th millennium cal BC (3800/3700 to 3100/3000 cal BC). As this EB I period in the Jordan Valley is generally viewed as the key precursor phase in the development Of urbanism (Joffe 1993), this revisionist chronology has potentially radical significance for understanding both the nature and speed of the move from village settlement towards a complex urban lifeway. © 2009 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona
- ItemThe chronology of the Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic periods in the north Jordan Valley: new 14C determinations from Pella in Jordan(Oxford University School of Archaeology, 2002-04-09) Bourke, S; Lawson, EM; Hua, Q; Zoppi, UNot available
- ItemDating the origins and long-term process of olive domestication in the north Jordan Valley: new radiometric data from 5th millennium BCE Pella in Jordan(Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, 2021-11-17) Dighton, A; Bourke, S; Hua, Q; Jacobsen, GEThis paper reports on 20 new 5th millennium calBC dates from the archaeological site of Pella in Jordan. The sampled strata straddle the chronological interface between the Late Neolithic and the Early Chalcolithic periods (around 4600/4500 calBC), a critical period in the development of horticulture in prehistory, where movement from early human-olive interaction to intensified manipulation of the olive occurs. Although there is ongoing debate concerning the region(s) in which the earliest manipulation of the olive occurred, there is little argument that the foothills of the Jordan Valley are among the earliest. Considerable work in the 1990s exploring one of the earliest centres of olive exploitation at Teleilat Ghassul in the south Jordan Valley made clear that the second half of the 5th millennium BCE was the era of intensive engagement with the olive in the southern Valley flatlands. Pollen analysis suggested an earlier genesis in the northern Valley foothills, where investigations since the 2000’s targeted the first half of the 5th millennium calBC for intensified exploration. After much archaeological material-cultural proxy data, and significant macrobotanical datasets had been accumulated, the final element was direct dating of olive endocarps drawn from across the frontier eras (late 6th through late 5th millennium BCE) of olive manipulation. This presentation will present the 20 new dates determined using the VEGA AMS Facility at ANSTO, and briefly discuss their significance for the ongoing analysis of the process of olive domestication in the Jordan Valley, underlining the long-term and gradualist process at work. The impact of the move from ad hoc engagement with wild fruit in the 6th millennium calBC, manipulation of select wild trees in the first half of the 5th millennium calBC, and the active propagation of desired traits in cultivated groves, towards the end of the 5th millennium calBC will also be discussed.
- ItemEvidence against solar influence on nuclear decay constants(Elsevier B. V., 2016-10-10) Pommé, S; Stroh, H; Paepen, J; Van Ammel, R; Marouli, M; Altzitzoglou, T; Hult, M; Kossert, K; Nähle, O; Schrader, H; Juget, F; Bailat, CJ; Nedjadi, Y; Bochud, F; Buchillier, T; Michotte, C; Courte, S; van Rooy, MW; van Staden, MJ; Lubbe, J; Simpson, BRS; Fazio, A; De Felice, P; Jackson, TW; van Wyngaardt, WM; Reinhard, MI; Golya, J; Bourke, S; Roy, T; Galea, R; Keightley, JD; Ferreira, KM; Collins, SM; Ceccatelli, A; Unterweger, MP; Fitzgerald, R; Bergeron, DE; Pibida, L; Verheyen, L; Bruggeman, M; Vodenik, B; Korun, M; Chisté, V; Amiot, MNThe hypothesis that proximity to the Sun causes variation of decay constants at permille level has been tested and disproved. Repeated activity measurements of mono-radionuclide sources were performed over periods from 200 days up to four decades at 14 laboratories across the globe. Residuals from the exponential nuclear decay curves were inspected for annual oscillations. Systematic deviations from a purely exponential decay curve differ from one data set to another and are attributable to instabilities in the instrumentation and measurement conditions. The most stable activity measurements of alpha, beta-minus, electron capture, and beta-plus decaying sources set an upper limit of 0.0006% to 0.008% to the amplitude of annual oscillations in the decay rate. Oscillations in phase with Earth's orbital distance to the Sun could not be observed within a to range of precision. There are also no apparent modulations over periods of weeks or months. Consequently, there is no indication of a natural impediment against sub-permille accuracy in half-life determinations, renormalisation of activity to a distant reference date, application of nuclear dating for archaeology, geo- and cosmochronology, nor in establishing the SI unit becquerel and seeking international equivalence of activity standards. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
- ItemOn decay constants and orbital distance to the Sun—part I: alpha decay(IOP Publishing, 2016-11-28) Pommé, S; Stroh, H; Paepen, J; Van Ammel, R; Marouli, M; Altzitzoglou, A; Hult, M; Kossert, K; Nähle, O; Schrader, H; Juget, F; Bailat, C; Nedjadi, Y; Bochud, F; Buchillier, T; Michotte, M; Courte, S; van Rooy, MW; van Staden, MJ; Lubbe, L; Simpson, BRS; Fazio, A; De Felice, D; Jackson, TW; van Wyngaardt, WM; Reinhard, MI; Golya, J; Bourke, S; Roy, T; Galea, R; Keightley, JD; Ferreira, KM; Collins, SM; Ceccatelli, A; Verheyen, L; Bruggeman, M; Vodenik, M; Korun, M; Chisté, V; Amiot, MNClaims that proximity to the Sun causes variation of decay constants at permille level have been investigated for alpha decaying nuclides. Repeated decay rate measurements of 209Po, 226Ra, 228Th, 230U, and 241Am sources were performed over periods of 200 d up to two decades at various nuclear metrology institutes around the globe. Residuals from the exponential decay curves were inspected for annual oscillations. Systematic deviations from a purely exponential decay curve differ in amplitude and phase from one data set to another and appear attributable to instabilities in the instrumentation and measurement conditions. The most stable activity measurements of α decaying sources set an upper limit between 0.0006% and 0.006% to the amplitude of annual oscillations in the decay rate. There are no apparent indications for systematic oscillations at a level of weeks or months. Oscillations in phase with Earth's orbital distance to the sun could not be observed within 10−5–10−6 range precision. © The Authors CC BY 3.0 licence
- ItemOn decay constants and orbital distance to the Sun—part II: beta minus decay(IOP Publishing, 2016-11-28) Pommé, S; Stroh, H; Paepen, J; Van Ammel, R; Marouli, M; Altzitzoglou, A; Hult, M; Kossert, K; Nähle, O; Schrader, H; Juget, F; Bailat, C; Nedjadi, Y; Bochud, F; Buchillier, T; Michotte, M; Courte, S; van Rooy, MW; van Staden, MJ; Lubbe, L; Simpson, BRS; Fazio, A; De Felice, D; Jackson, TW; van Wyngaardt, WM; Reinhard, MI; Golya, J; Bourke, S; Roy, T; Galea, R; Keightley, JD; Ferreira, KM; Collins, SM; Ceccatelli, A; Verheyen, L; Bruggeman, M; Vodenik, M; Korun, M; Chisté, V; Amiot, MNClaims that proximity to the Sun causes variations of decay constants at the permille level have been investigated for beta-minus decaying nuclides. Repeated activity measurements of 3H, 14C, 60Co, 85Kr, 90Sr, 124Sb, 134Cs, 137Cs, and 154Eu sources were performed over periods of 259 d up to 5 decades at various nuclear metrology institutes. Residuals from the exponential decay curves were inspected for annual oscillations. Systematic deviations from a purely exponential decay curve differ in amplitude and phase from one data set to another and appear attributable to instabilities in the instrumentation and measurement conditions. Oscillations in phase with Earth's orbital distance to the Sun could not be observed within 10−4–10−5 range precision. The most stable activity measurements of β− decaying sources set an upper limit of 0.003%–0.007% to the amplitude of annual oscillations in the decay rate. There are no apparent indications for systematic oscillations at a level of weeks or months. © The Authors CC BY 3.0 licence
- ItemOn decay constants and orbital distance to the Sun—part III: beta plus and electron capture decay(IOP Publishing, 2016-11-28) Pommé, S; Stroh, H; Paepen, J; Van Ammel, R; Marouli, M; Altzitzoglou, T; Hult, M; Kossert, K; Nähle, O; Schrader, H; Juget, F; Bailat, C; Nedjadi, Y; Bochud, F; Buchillier, T; Michotte, C; Courte, S; van Rooy, MW; van Staden, MJ; Lubbe, J; Simpson, BRS; Fazio, A; De Felice, P; Jackson, TW; van Wyngaardt, WM; Reinhard, MI; Golya, J; Bourke, S; Roy, T; Galea, R; Keightley, JD; Ferreira, KM; Collins, SM; Ceccatelli, A; Verheyen, L; Bruggeman, M; Vodenik, B; Korun, M; Chisté, V; Amiot, MNThe hypothesis that seasonal changes in proximity to the Sun cause variation of decay constants at permille level has been tested for radionuclides disintegrating through electron capture and beta plus decay. Activity measurements of 22Na, 54Mn, 55Fe, 57Co, 65Zn, 82+85Sr, 90Sr, 109Cd, 124Sb, 133Ba, 152Eu, and 207Bi sources were repeated over periods from 200 d up to more than four decades at 14 laboratories across the globe. Residuals from the exponential nuclear decay curves were inspected for annual oscillations. Systematic deviations from a purely exponential decay curve differ from one data set to another and appear attributable to instabilities in the instrumentation and measurement conditions. Oscillations in phase with Earth's orbital distance to the sun could not be observed within 10−4–10−5 range precision. The most stable activity measurements of β+ and EC decaying sources set an upper limit of 0.006% or less to the amplitude of annual oscillations in the decay rate. There are no apparent indications for systematic oscillations at a level of weeks or months. © The Authors CC BY 3.0 licence
- ItemTemples through time: a radiocarbon-based chronology for the Bronze to Iron Age temple sequence at Pella (Jordan)(Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, 2021-11-15) Webster, LC; Bourke, S; Dighton, A; Hua, Q; Jacobsen, GEThe sequence of temples at Tabaqat Fahil (Pella) is among the largest and best-preserved in the southern Levant. Its six phases of architecture – exposed in recent decades by the University of Sydney – exemplify the longevity of sacred precincts and documents how temple designs and cult practices developed over time. Pella offers a unique chance to investigate these structures with up-to-date approaches and techniques, since many parallel examples were exposed in the early–mid-20th century (e.g. Megiddo, Shechem and Beth Shean). Pella’s six consecutive temple phases are particularly well-suited to AMS radiocarbon-based dating with a Bayesian approach. Samples for 14C dating were collected throughout the seasons of excavation, and a substantial dataset developed in collaboration with ANSTO and other partner institutions. This paper will present an analysis of the presently available data, comparing the results of a 14C-based chronology with the traditional dating of each phase, and exploring implications for wider chronological issues.