Browsing by Author "Adams, P"

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    Understanding order and correlation in liquid crystals by fluctuation scattering
    (Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, 2021-11-26) Binns, J; Adams, P; Kewish, CM; Greaves, TL; Martin, AV
    Characterising the supramolecular organisation of macromolecules in the presence of varying degrees of disorder remains one of the challenges of macromolecular research. Discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) are an ideal model system for understanding the role of disorder on multiple length scales. Consisting of rigid aromatic cores with flexible alkyl fringes, they can be considered as one-dimensional fluids along the stacking direction and they have attracted attention as molecular wires in organic electronic components and photovoltaic devices. With its roots in single-particle imaging, fluctuation x-ray scattering (FXS) is a method that breaks free of the requirement for periodic order. However, the interpretation of FXS data has been limited by difficulties in analysing intensity correlations in reciprocal space. Recent work has shown that these correlations can be translated into a three-and four-body distribution in real space called the pair-angle distribution function (PADF) – an extension of the familiar pair distribution function into a three-dimensional volume. The analytical power of this technique has already been demonstrated in studies of disordered porous carbons and self-assembled lipid phases. Here we report on the investigation of order-disorder transitions in liquid crystal materials utilising the PADF technique and the development of facilities for FXS measurements at the Australian Synchrotron. © 2021 The Authors
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    Yet another in-situ cosmogenic 10-Be local production rate for the British Isles : Llyn Arenig Fach, North Wales
    (Copernicus GmbH, 2020-05-04) Fink, D; Hughes, PD; Fülöp, RH; Wilcken, KM; Adams, P; Ryan, P
    Cosmogenic production rates (PRs) are the essential conversion factor between AMS cosmogenic concentrations and absolute exposure ages. The accuracy of cosmogenic glacial chronologies and reliability in their comparison to other plaeoclimate systems is largely contingent on the precision and accuracy of the adopted production rate. This is particularly critical in determining past glacial geochronologies at the scale of millennial temporal resolution. Most PR calibrations are carried out at deglaciation sites where radiocarbon provides the independent chronometric control usually based on calibrated 14C ages in basal sediments or varves from lake or bog cores which is assumed to represent the minimum age for glacial retreat. Under these conditions PRs should be considered as maximum-limiting values. Given that today most AMS facilities can deliver 10-Be, 26-Al and 36-Cl data with analytical errors less than 2%, the accuracy of a PR for a given scaling method (ie transfer function of the site-specific production rate to a reference sea-level high latitude (SLHL) PR) remains largely dependent on the error in the independent chronology and accuracy of AMS standards. The history over the past 20 years of the ever-changing value of SLHL 10-Be cosmogenic spallation PRs with a continual decreasing value from initial estimates of about 7 atoms/g/a to the current ‘accepted ‘ value of ~4 atoms/g/a, is an interesting story in itself and demonstrates the complexity in such determinations. Today there are both global (average) SLHL PRs and also regional-specific PR values (referenced to SLHL). For the British Isles, there are a number of 10-Be ‘British Isles’ choices that, for the Lm scaling scheme, range between 3.92±0.11 atoms/g/a (Putnam et al., QG, v50, 2019) to 4.41±0.25 atoms/g/a (Small et al., JQS, v30, 2015). This range in 10-Be spallation PRs has recently raised some debate and challenges for the assumed extent and timing of the local-LGM and demise of the British Ice Sheet. This work provides a new British Isles site specific 10-Be PR from the Arenig Mountains in North Wales. We have measured 10-Be concentrations in 13 selected moraine boulders that are tentatively mapped as outer and inner Younger Dryas deglacial deposits hugging a cirque lake, Llyn Arenig Fach, just below the head wall at Arenig Fach. Radiocarbon dating of basal sediments from a number of intermorainal core bogs has provided independent age control. We will present our results and compare them to the current collection of other British Isles 10-Be production rates. © Author(s) 2020. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Licence.