ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 7.5. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Uranium adsorption on weathered schist – intercomparison of modelling approaches
(De Gruyter, 2004-11-01) Payne, TE; Davis, JA; Ochs, M; Olin, M; Tweed, CJ
Experimental data for uranium adsorption on a complex weathered rock were simulated by twelve modelling teams from eight countries using surface complexation (SC) models. This intercomparison was part of an international project to evaluate the present capabilities and limitations of SC models in representing sorption by geologic materials. The models were assessed in terms of their predictive ability, data requirements, number of optimised parameters, ability to simulate diverse chemical conditions and transferability to other substrates. A particular aim was to compare the generalised composite (GC) and component additivity (CA) approaches for modelling sorption by complex substrates. Both types of SC models showed a promising capability to simulate sorption data obtained across a range of chemical conditions. However, the models incorporated a wide variety of assumptions, particularly in terms of input parameters such as site densities and surface site types. Furthermore, the methods used to extrapolate the model simulations to different weathered rock samples collected at the same field site tended to be unsatisfactory. The outcome of this modelling exercise provides an overview of the present status of adsorption modelling in the context of radionuclide migration as practised in a number of countries worldwide. © 2004 Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH
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Relationship of quantitative X-ray diffraction measurements of geologic materials to cesium sorption
(De Gruyter, 2002-09-01) Payne, TE; Bertram, WK; Itakura, T; Raven, MD
The amounts of clay minerals in geologic samples from the Australian arid zone were measured using the SIROQUANT program, which quantifies mineral abundances from X-ray diffraction patterns using the Rietveld method. The sorption of trace cesium on the same samples was investigated in batch experiments. The statistical relationships between the Cs distribution coefficients (Kdvalues) and the smectite, illite and kaolinite contents were assessed. Other characterisation data such as the BET surface area and total clay content were included in the statistical analysis. The correlation of the illite content with the Kdfor trace Cs was stronger than any other correlation that was tested. This can be attributed to the presence of frayed edge sites on illite which are highly selective for the adsorption of trace Cs. Sorption experiments were also carried out with higher Cs concentrations, which were expected to saturate the selective Cs sorption sites on illite. Under these conditions, there was no significant correlation between the illite content and the cesium Kd. However, the Kdwas related to the smectite content of the materials. There was no correlation between the kaolinite content and the Kdfor Cs sorption under any of the experimental conditions. The sorption of Cs on the samples was influenced by the BET surface areas, but normalisation of the Kddata by surface area did not fully explain the sorption results. Only the quantitative XRD data were able to explain the shapes of Cs sorption isotherms. The isotherm was distinctly different for an illite-rich sample and did not conform to the Freundlich isotherm exhibited by other samples. This study demonstrates that quantitative XRD measurements are valuable in predicting Cs sorption properties of complex geologic samples, particularly sorption data obtained with trace Cs levels where bulk measurements such as the BET surface area are less useful. © Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, München
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Uranium retention by weathered schists - the role of iron minerals
(De Gruyter, 1994-12) Payne, ΤE; Davis, JA; Waite, TD
Uranium sorption experiments were carried out on weathered schist samples which had been treated with citrate/dithionite/bicarbonate (CDB) reagent to remove iron oxides, and the results were compared to those of similar experiments with untreated samples. Uranium sorption was greatly decreased by the CDB extraction, which reduced the surface area of the samples by about 30-40%. Chemical analysis and XRD confirmed that iron oxides were the major mineral phase extracted by the CDB reagent. To further elucidate the role of iron minerals in the natural environment, we carried out transformation (aging) experiments with synthetic ferrihydrite which contained adsorbed natural uranium (predominantly 238U). In these experiments, the ferrihydrite was partially converted to crystalline forms such as hematite and goethite. The uptake of an artificial uranium isotope (236U) and the leaching of 238U form the samples were then studied in adsorption/desorption experiments. The results showed that the transformation of ferrihydrite to crystalline minerals substantially reduced the ability of the samples to adsorb 236U from solution. The desorption data for 238U showed that some of the 238U which was adsorbed to the samples prior to the transformation step was irreversibly incorporated within the mineral structure during the transformation process. These experiments highlight the potential importance of iron minerals both in the initial sorption of radionuclides and in isolating them from interactions with the aqueous phase. Transformation of iron minerals from amorphous to crystalline forms provides a possible mechanism for uranium immobilisation. In considering the overall effect on U migration, this must be balanced against the reduced ability of the transformed iron oxide to adsorb U from solution. © 2013 Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH.
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Naturally-ocurring zirconolites - analogues for the long-term encapsulation of actinides in Synroc
(De Gruyter, 1996-12-01) Hart, KP; Lumpkin, GR; Giere, R; Williams, CT; McGlinn, PJ; Payne, TE
The use of natural zirconolites to assess the effect of α-decay damage and geochemical alteration on the release of actinides from HLW wasteforms is critically examined. There is evidence that the natural zirconolites provide a good chemical and radiation damage analogy for the HLW wasteforms, but additional work is required to define the geochemical environments in which zirconolite is stable or unstable (e.g., suffering corrosion or chemical alteration, including loss of actinides).
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Uranium adsorption on ferrihydrite - effects of phosphate and humic acid
(De Gruyter, 1996-12-01) Payne, ΤE; Davis, JA; Waite, TD
Uranium adsorption on ferrihydrite was studied as a function of pH in systems equilibrated with air, in the presence and absence of added phosphate and humic acid (HA). The objective was to determine the influence of PO43- and HA on uranium uptake. Below pH 7, the sorption of UO22+ typically increases with increasing pH (the 'low pH sorption edge'), with a sharp decrease in sorption above this pH value (the 'high pH edge'). The presence of ΣPO43- of 10-4 mol/L moved the low pH edge to the left by approximately 0.8 pH units. The PO43- was strongly bound by the ferrihydrite surface, and the increased uptake of U was attributed to the formation of ternary surface complexes involving both UO22+ and PO43-. The addition of HA (9 mg/L) increased U uptake at pH values below 7, with little effect at higher pH values. The positions of the pH edges were also affected by the ionic strength and total U content. These experiments show that sorption interactions involving PO43 and HA must be considered in order to model the behavior of U in natural systems, in which these components are often present. © 1996 Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag GmbH.