ANSTO Publications Online

Welcome to the ANSTO Institutional Repository known as APO.

The APO database has been migrated to version 7.5. The functionality has changed, but the content remains the same.

ANSTO Publications Online is a digital repository for publications authored by ANSTO staff since 2007. The Repository also contains ANSTO Publications, such as Reports and Promotional Material. ANSTO publications prior to 2007 continue to be added progressively as they are in identified in the library. ANSTO authors can be identified under a single point of entry within the database. The citation is as it appears on the item, even with incorrect spelling, which is marked by (sic) or with additional notes in the description field.

If items are only held in hardcopy in the ANSTO Library collection notes are being added to the item to identify the Dewey Call number: as DDC followed by the number.

APO will be integrated with the Research Information System which is currently being implemented at ANSTO. The flow on effect will be permission to publish, which should allow pre-prints and post prints to be added where content is locked behind a paywall. To determine which version can be added to APO authors should check Sherpa Romeo. ANSTO research is increasingly being published in open access due mainly to the Council of Australian University Librarians read and publish agreements, and some direct publisher agreements with our organisation. In addition, open access items are also facilitated through collaboration and open access agreements with overseas authors such as Plan S.

ANSTO authors are encouraged to use a CC-BY licence when publishing open access. Statistics have been returned to the database and are now visible to users to show item usage and where this usage is coming from.

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Efficient screening of cation exchange resins for radiolanthanide separations
(Elsevier, 2025-12) Veliscek-Carolan, J; Pellegrini, PA; Burgess, L; Chironi, I; Mansour, F
This study presents a rapid analysis method for characterizing ion exchange resins used in radiolanthanide separations. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, combined with manufacturer-reported bead size, allows for the prediction of resin separation efficiency. Via FTIR, four subclasses (type A-D) of commercially available strong cation exchange resins with a polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) polymer base were identified, with variations in the 1000–1300 cm−1 region indicating the presence or absence of sulfonate functional groups and sulfone bridges. Type A resins with functional sulfonate groups showed superior separation resolution in the three-lanthanide system (dysprosium, terbium and gadolinium) as compared to other subclasses. Type B resins showed evidence of sulfone bridges, which reduce the availability of sulfonate functional groups and resulted in reduced lanthanide separation resolution. Type C and D resins showed minimal sulfonate functional groups and this corresponded to reduced analyte retention. Additionally, the DVB density of ion exchange resins was found to correlate with the process time of their chromatographic separation, although separation resolution appeared unaffected by cross-linking. This novel method of resin evaluation combining bead size and FTIR enables a reduction in the time, cost and waste generated relative to chromatographic evaluation. Thus, this approach offers a significant improvement in practical efficiency for evaluating the utility of PS-DVB resins in chromatographic separations. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY licence 4.0
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Groundwater δ2H/δ18O isoscapes for New South Wales (Australia)
(Elsevier, 2025-10) Cendón, DI; Hankin, SI; Crawford, J; McDonough, LK; Hughes, CE; Meredith, KT; Kelly, BFJ; Harris, SJ; Raiber, M; Gray, SS; Green, RT; d’Hautefeuille, FB
Study region New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Study focus Stable isotope ratios of water (δ2H and δ18O) can be used to trace hydrological processes, providing information on aquifer dynamics including groundwater recharge, flow and mixing. We combine new and pre-existing isotope data to produce the first groundwater stable isotope maps (“isoscapes”) across NSW. Two-dimensional ordinary kriging is employed separately over four depth intervals to interpolate isotope values. New hydrogeological insights from the region The isoscape reveals key water sources such as floods or snowmelt in groundwater recharge as well as the impact of aridity towards the west of the state. Groundwater sources can be traced along all major alluvial valleys from shallow to deep layers across NSW. Regionally, shallow current groundwater isotopic signatures differ from those recharged before European settlement in the deeper layers. Land-use change has likely enhanced evaporative processes, with groundwater abstraction and irrigation accelerating groundwater recharge locally. This work shows that isoscapes are a powerful visual tool for interpreting changes in groundwater recharge sources and processes. They can also be used as a predictive tool at data-poor locations or to enhance local groundwater management decision in areas with large data coverage. As isoscapes become more data-rich and sophisticated, and incorporate hydrogeological models, they will continue to improve regional to continental-scale groundwater characterisation contribution to sustaining ecosystems, agriculture, and human populations. © Crown Copyright © 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY licence 4.0
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Potential of blended byproduct caps for management of bauxite residues: how do texture and weathering impact geochemistry?
(Elsevier, 2025-04) Taki, G; Grierson, PF; Brand, HEA; Murphy, DV; Santini, TC
This study evaluated how successive leaching of caustic bauxite residues of different textures, coupled with blending with locally available byproducts, might improve geochemical characteristics of capping materials. Three bauxite residue textures (fines, fines plus 10 % residue sand and residue sand) were blended with three byproducts (fly ash, sewage water and eucalypt mulch) individually or in combination. Treatments were subject to leaching of three wetting/drying cycles over 18 weeks to mimic field weathering. The pH, salinity and Na concentration of blended materials decreased after leaching regardless of texture. Alkaline minerals (sodalite and calcite) content also decreased during weathering due to enhanced dissolution. Combined byproducts improved multiple chemical properties simultaneously more than any single byproduct. Further decreases in pH, sodicity and concentration of toxic elements are needed to improve suitability of blended capping materials for meeting closure targets, including vegetation establishment. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.
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Solute clustering behaviour during natural ageing in Al-Cu alloys containing Sc and Zr
(Elsevier, 2025-08-01) Jiang, L; Wood, K; Sokolova, AV; Dorin, T
This study investigates the effects of scandium (Sc) and zirconium (Zr) microalloying on solute clustering in Al-Cu alloys during natural ageing. Using atom probe tomography (APT), we reveal a full suppression of Cu-rich cluster formation in the AlCuScZr alloy compared to its Sc- and Zr-free counterpart. Instead, a distinct type of cluster, comprising Si, Sc and Zr forms, preferentially at Al3(Sc, Zr) dispersoids/Al interfaces, driven by strong Si-Sc-vacancy and Si-Zr-vacancy binding energies. These sites act as vacancy traps, redirecting clustering pathways away from the Cu-rich clusters typically observed in Al-Cu alloys. Small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) indicates suggest that the natural ageing kinetics in the AlCuScZr alloys are significantly delayed, likely due to the limited availability of Si, Sc and Zr solutes in the matrix. As a result, the AlCuScZr alloy exhibits slower hardening response during natural ageing. This is the first report of Si-Sc-Zr cluster formation during natural ageing in Al alloys, providing critical insights into how dispersoids, solute interactions, and vacancies govern early-stage clustering and mechanical evolution. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. Open Access CC-BY
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Electrochemical stability of carbon-supported gold nanoparticles in acidic electrolyte during cyclic voltammetry
(Elsevier, 2016-01-01) Steven, JT; Golovko, VB; Johannessen, B; Marshall, AT
Cyclic voltammetry has been used to assess the electrochemical stability of gold nanoparticle-based electrocatalysts with differing initial particle size distributions in sulphuric acid electrolyte. The electrochemically active surface area (EASA), based on the gold oxide reduction charge, revealed that the electrocatalyst containing gold nanoparticles with an initial number-weighted average diameter of 4.5 nm was stable over 100 voltammetry cycles. Conversely, the electrocatalysts based on 3.1 nm and 2.9 nm gold nanoparticles showed a continuous decrease in the EASA in line with TEM and EXAFS data which confirmed growth of the gold particles during cycling. Importantly, we find no evidence to suggest that the nature of the stabilising ligand used during the gold nanoparticle synthesis, has any effect of the electrochemical stability of gold nanoparticles. When the anodic limit of the cyclic voltammograms was limited to below the gold oxide formation potential, the nanoparticles were stable, confirming that the loss in EASA is primarily related to the dissolution and growth of gold nanoparticles associated with the Au-AuOx redox process. Interestingly, an electrocatalyst initially containing 0.8 nm diameter gold nanoclusters had a surprisingly low EASA (these clusters appear not to exhibit normal Au-AuOx redox behaviour typical for the larger gold nanoparticles), but still showed significant particle growth during the cycling as confirmed by TEM and XPS analysis. © 2015 Elsevier Ltd.